Despite the name, unsafePerformIO isn't automatically akin to undefined behavior in C. It can cause undefined behavior if misused, the most obvious example being the creation of polymorphic I/O reference objects which act like unsafeCoerce—but that would be affecting the outcome of the computation. If the value returned from unsafePerformIO is a pure function of the inputs then the only remaining risk is that any side effects may occur more than once or not at all depending on how the pure code is evaluated. As long as you're okay with that there isn't really any issue with using something like Debug.Trace for its intended purpose, debugging.

There are better ways to handle logging, of course—you generally want your log entries to be deterministic, and the ability to produce log entries (as opposed to arbitrary I/O actions) should be reflected in the types.