The only game that comes close to that, that I'm familiar with is Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure for Nintendo DS. It combines a platformer with a bejeweled-style puzzle on the bottom screen, where the tiles that spawn are tied to what enemies you kill and how much damage you take, and you need to play both games to damage enemies, get bonuses and summon the giant victorian steam/tea-powered robot. Thankfully the top game is paused while you swap tiles on the bottom.

It's awesome, highly recommend.